5 Weight Loss Tips for Breastfeeding Moms

Breastmilk is the ideal first food for your baby. Breastfeeding had been found to help speed recovery after labor for the mom and assists in losing weight gained during pregnancy.

While there are many things moms wish they had known about breastfeeding, one of the most common concerns relates to frustration at not losing all their pregnancy weight. Not eating enough calories is the biggest barrier to weight loss success during breastfeeding. Many times momsincorrectly believe that cutting calories is the key to weight loss after pregnancy. Unfortunately, they forget the human body is designed to protect itself from starvation during times when food isn't readily available. The body burns calories all day long as part of your basal metabolic rate (BMR), because it takes energy (calories) for your body to perform basic physiological functions that are necessary for life—breathing, digesting, circulating, thinking and more. Add to that, normal daily physical activity (bathing, walking, typing and exercising) and you have the energy needs the body requires each day to function normally.

Maternal fat stores serve as a wonderful and constant source of available energy to ensure the body always has the energy it needs to produce milk at the rate and amount a little one requests. The goal in post-pregnancy nutrition is to encourage the body to slightly dip into maternal energy stores each day to meet the increased energy needs. To promote this process, breastfeeding moms should increase their daily calorie intake after delivery by about 500 calories over their pre-pregnancy needs. When you do this, your metabolism can work efficiently and will rely on approximately 250 additional calories each day from the maternal fat stores. This is about the same amount of energy as if you participated in 30 minutes of mild to moderate cardio activity and will ensure a slow, steady weight loss back to your pre-pregnancy weight.

Here are five principles that can help you return to your pre-pregnancy weight after delivery while making sure you are producing adequate milk to meet your little one's needs.

1. Eat balanced meals and snacks every few hours. Newborns generally eat every few hours, which means your body is using energy to produce milk that often too. Keeping the body supplied with energy and nutrients helps ensure that it never perceives it is "starving" and can continually burn maternal fat stores.
    
2. Drink plenty of water. Breastmilk is 50% water, and water is also an important part of the metabolic process. A good rule of thumb is to drink at least eight ounces of water or another healthy beverage after every nursing session around the clock. If you are exercising or it is extremely hot, more will likely be needed to maintain proper hydration levels.
    
3. Hunger cues are the way the body communicates its need for more energy. Do not ignore hunger cues or delay responding, even if you only ate a short time before. Since the body will burn carbohydrates quickly, make sure you also have protein or a serving of healthy fats with your carbohydrates to keep you satisfied.
    
4. Remember that you gained weight slowly and you should lose weight slowly. Don't try to do anything drastic to lose weight faster. Instead, work on establishing healthy eating and fitness habits that will allow you to maintain a healthy rate of weight loss without dieting or feeling hungry or deprived.
    
5. If you are exercising, have a physically demanding or active job, or spend much of your day running around after other children and caring for your home, you may need even more calories than you think. Most times, hunger will help guide your intake to meet these increased needs as you work or care for your family. As long as you are listening to your hunger cues and eating enough to satisfy those cues, you should be meeting your body's needs. If you are not seeing slow, steady weight loss and you are eating more than you did during pregnancy but are also exercising and active, try adding several hundred more nutrient-rich calories for a couple weeks and see how your body responds. We know it seems backwards but with breastfeeding many times, more is less in that more calories consumed means less maternal fat stores needed.

It is important to remember that the goal is to lose the weight gained during pregnancy. If you want to drop below your pre-pregnancy weight, realize that your body may or may not cooperate. If weight loss was difficult before pregnancy, more than likely, you will have trouble both losing additional weight and providing an increasing milk supply as baby grows and demands more. Instead of focusing on losing more weight, consider your return to a pre-pregnancy weight a great success and focus on strength training to increase muscle strength and definition. The added muscle will also help boost your metabolism.

You can learn more about getting back to your pre-pregnancy weight while breastfeeding at Babyfit.com.

Did you have trouble losing pregnancy weight? Was not eating enough a contributing factor?

http://www.sparkpeople.com/blog/blog.asp?post=5_weight_loss_tips_for_breastfeeding_moms

Do not take life seriously

Every time I hear regular complaints of others to life, the lack of money in small quarrels and insults ... Every time I hear this phrase causes irritation of the people living in the warmth and fullness: "Well, really, where else worse ?!" ... Every time I think of  George Carlin  and his famous words.He knew what he was talking, not hearsay , "You should thank God for ..." * Husband, who every night pulls the blanket over himself, because he sleeps with you, rather than hanging around somewhere in the night. * teenager who watches TV, instead of washing dishes,because he is at home, rather than haunting streets. * taxes, which are forced to pay,because you have a job. * rubbish that has to rake after the party, because you have friends. * clothing that becomes too small, because you have enough to eat. * lawn that should be cut, and floors that need to be washed, because you have a house. * complaints to the authorities, because you have freedom of speech. * parking lot, kotoroe found at the far end of the parking lot,because you are still able to walk and you have your own car. * huge heating bill,because you live in a warm. * fake singing ladies at the party, because you are still able to hear. * mountain of dirty clothes for the laundry and ironing, because you and your family have that wear. * Service that ringing any light and dawn, because you are still alive. * Finally, e-mails,because you have friends who remember you!

"Caller Tune" Humshakals Video Song ft' Saif Ali Khan | Tamannah Bhatia ...

Rahat Fateh Ali Khan - Zaroori Tha

In ancient times there was a nuclear war between earthlings and aliens

Category: UFOs, Aliens

There is plenty of evidence of this hypothesis. Found on Earth are so many traces of radiation effects. In animals and humans occur causing mutations tsiklopizm (Cyclops in one eye is over the bridge). Legends of different peoples can learn about the existence of Cyclops fighting with people.

Secondly, the radiation causes poliplodii - doubling the chromosome set, which causes gigantism and doubling of two hearts or two rows of teeth. Scientists on Earth periodically find remnants of giant skeletons with a double row of teeth. third area is radioactive mutagenesis Mon holoidal. Although now this race in the world - the most common, but previously Mongoloids was much more - they met in Europe and in Sumeria and Egypt and even in Central Africa. Another confirmation radioactive mutagenesis - the birth of children with freaks and atavism ( return to the ancestors). Radiation leads to a six-toed, which occurs in the Japanese survivors of the U.S. nuclear bombardment, as well as neonatal Chernobyl. On Earth, found more than a hundred craters with a diameter of 2-3 kilometers, among which there are two huge: in South America (diameter - 40 km) and South Africa (diameter - 120 km). If they were formed in the Paleozoic era (350 million years ago), then from them for a long time would be nothing left, because the thickness of the upper layer of the Earth increases by about a meter in a hundred years. A funnel is still intact. This suggests that a nuclear attack occurred 25-35 thousand years ago. Taking 100 funnels for 3 km, we find that the war with the Asuras were detonated bombs 5000 Mt. These facts confirm that the nuclear war. The fire burned for "three days and three nights" (as the story "Code Rio" Mayans) and resulted in a nuclear rain - where no bombs fell, struck radiation. Another terrible phenomenon caused by radiation - light body burns. They explained that the shock wave propagates not only along the ground, but also upwards. Reaching the stratosphere, it destroys the ozone layer protecting Earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation. UV is known to burn exposed skin. Nuclear explosions resulted in a significant decrease in pressure and gas composition of the atmosphere poisoning, killing the survivors. Asuras tried to escape from death in their underground cities, but showers and earthquakes destroyed the shelter and drove away the inhabitants on the ground again. Previously, scientists believed that acting in our time "pipe" coming from the caves to the surface, are of natural origin. In fact, they are made ​​with a laser weapon for burning Asuras, who had taken refuge in the dungeons. These "pipes" have the correct rounded shape, which is alien to the funnels of natural origin (many of them in the caves of the Perm region, including in the vicinity of Kungur.) Now I understand why throughout the world to dig tunnels thousands of kilometers in length, found in the Altai , Urals, Tien Shan, Caucasus, in the deserts of the Sahara and Gobi in North and South America. Perhaps lasers were used not only for burning the asuras. Once the laser beam reaches the underground layer of molten, magma erupted, forming volcanoes eventually artificial origin. remaining in the cave gradually lost sight (everyone knows about the epic SVYATOGOR whose father lived in a cave and did not come to the surface, as blind). Descendants asuras reduced in size to dwarfs, about which there are many legends. Stunted creatures survived to this day, and have not only black but also white skin (menehety Guinea nationality dopa and cad, rising slightly more than a meter living in Tibet). Nearby Sterlitimak from (city in Bashkiria) are two of the dune minerals . This is probably two graves asuras; like so many graves in the world. But some asuras survived to this day. The commission on anomalous phenomena in the 70s there were reports of meetings with the Giants rise 40-storey building. These steps were accompanied by strong roar of the Titans, and their feet sank deep into the ground. Regarding life underground, it is possible. According to geologists, under water than in all the oceans, there are found underground seas, lakes and rivers. Scientists have suggested that the water of the oceans associated with underground and is not only the water cycle between them, but also the exchange of biological species. To underground biosphere was self-sufficient, there should be plants that produce oxygen and carbon dioxide decomposing. But photosynthesis, it turns out, can also occur in complete darkness, you just miss out on the ground weak electrical current of a certain frequency. In places of the earth's surface were detected heat thermal life forms that do not need light. Perhaps they can be both unicellular and multicellular, and even to achieve a high level of development. emergence of dinosaurs on Earth (eg, the Loch Ness Monster) said that living underground creatures sometimes come to the surface, "graze". Many times asurskoy creatures floating biosphere may have found salvation is underground. Messages about dinosaurs that appear in the oceans, seas and lakes - evidence of penetrating the dungeon creatures who have found refuge there. According to the Vedas, the asuras were big and strong, but they ruined the credulity and simplicity. Gods won by fraud asuras and herded them into the ground and the bottom of the oceans. Pyramids scattered across the planet (in Egypt, Mexico, Tibet, India) suggested that culture was a single, and the earthlings had no reason to war with each other. Those whom the Vedas are called gods, appeared from the sky, it's aliens from outer space, and nuclear conflict was likely space. 25 thousand years ago, the world was a nuclear war seems old Darwin theory, according to which our ancestors were monkeys, losing its way. Not so long ago completed the largest in the last five years a joint research project of NASA scientists and French scientists. And finally prepared him for the report was full of unexpected facts showing that 25,000 years ago the Earth experienced a global nuclear war! across our planet researchers have found more than 100 craters left by a powerful explosion incredibly distant time. The deepest of them - 120-kilometer - is in South Africa. That analysis of its walls - or rather, layers of the earth in them, and was calculated date of the grand catastrophe. Managed scientists identify and nuclear strike force: more than 500 thousand tons of TNT. For comparison: the bombing of Hiroshima estimated 20 thousand. Now imagine how powerful was the ancient attack, unless it is at the calculations of scientists, could change the Earth's rotation around its axis! This was due to the fact that the huge mass of water of the oceans that covered the planet, resulting in shock began to move - get something like a giant whirlpool. His strength and "spurred" the Earth, causing it to spin faster. During the last century in the Mayan sites of ancient calendars were found, which were equal to 36 hours of night. Scientists believe that this was the duration of the earth and the light of the day to a nuclear war. Moreover, in the genetic memory of modern humans yet this information is stored. Experiments physiologists have shown that if a person is placed in a dungeon and make it impossible to know the current time, his body is reconstructed on a rhythm of life in a day if not the usual 24, and many more - 36 hours. Evidence of heavy-duty nuclear catastrophe ancient times, According to experts, found in ancient legends and epics of many nations. If we translate the myths about African Pygmy "big fire came down from heaven," dropping metaphors, you get a completely reliable chronicle of the explosion and its aftermath - a nuclear winter. And the world-famous "Ma-habharate" describes in some detail how to save those who survived nuclear slaughter 25 thousand years old. From the destructive fire people went into the ground, pulling out its first ever air raid shelters. Similar underground galleries have the Altai and the Urals, Tien Shan and in the Sahara, in the Perm region and South America. Man-made origin of these catacombs becomes obvious even to the layman, we need only compare them to the "natural" natural. At first - the correct proportional parameters, the second - is disproportionate and unsystematic. One of the inevitable consequences of a nuclear catastrophe is the mutation of living organisms. Radioactive mutagenesis rebuilds human chromosome chain, resulting in radically changing its appearance. But deceit is that different people exposed to radiation chromosomal series change their usual structure and then formed differently. writes the weekly "Windows", our ancestors did not escape this fate.Shortly after the explosion of global human society is a veritable "piggy mutants." Among them, for example, were the winged people and the Giants - their skeletons are still found during the excavations, and dwarfs, whose direct descendants are the modern pygmies in Africa and nationalities dopa and cad from Tibet. Some of these branches are dying, unable to adapt to the environment. Others were cruelly exterminated rivals covet their territory. Scientists believe that the ancient people had a third eye - about the level of the nose, and in our time the genetic memory of the body gives people an incredibly sharp intuition. But the most typical effects of radiation exposure are tsiklopizm and Mongoloid, and in the end it is the Cyclops and the Mongolians have become major competitors in the struggle for survival. Mongolians won: survive with two eyes was easier than with one. Until now, their race is the most common in the world, and the characteristics of Mongoloid regularly occur in representatives of the other modern human races. According to experts, it says that the process of mutation, albeit very slowly, but still continues. So, 25,000 years ago, our planet has turned into a giant Chernobyl, and we - modern humans - are the descendants of mutants that have resulted the catastrophe. All this follows from the US-French study, from which, however, not clear what were the motives of a distant nuclear war, and who, indeed, was the instigator of the bombing. Scientists casually mentioned that existed at the time of mighty civilizations, has the technology, the secrets are not known hitherto. But, experts say, to collect information about them - this is a new project. It will begin this autumn.

http://sokrytoe.net/5349-v-drevnosti-byla-yadernaya-voyna-mezhdu-zemlyanami-i-inoplanetyanami.html

WHAT TO DO WHEN YOUR PLANE FALLS?

Spring came. Flew planes sank ... And something again too often. And - in anticipation of the spring-summer season, May holidays, on which many active planned flights - abroad in the same Hurghada, at the mention of which many Russians, it seems, is already beginning to shake finely. For all media reported that on the night of Monday, March 22, Tu-204 airliner belonging to airline "Aviastar-TU", performing a charter flight to Egypt, due to technical problems had to return to "Domodedovo" and sit risk to life aboard the plane 210 people. And today the same plane crashed near the same-"Domodedovo" committing a hard landing in the forest and not short 1 km to the capital's airport. Thank God - this time without the hundreds of passengers on board: as a result of falling seriously injured a crew of 8 people received mostly "minor injuries." Upon the collapse of a criminal case under part 1 of article. 263 of the Criminal Code (violation of safety rules of air transport). But this is unlikely to appease the Russians had gathered to take advantage of the services of Russian airlines and aircraft ...  
However, there is a solution: it is possible, it turns out, in an emergency restore composure, focus and try to - of course, at the confluence of other successful events - himself and his family. How to try to survive the plane crash? The answer to this question was given a DAJohnson, who wrote the book "Tips aviapassazhipam." So, remember or write:  

1. Sitting in the plane, keep yourself DURING mini bottle of water for at least a couple of sips and all dezhupny nabop survival skoppektipovanny the season and flight conditions. So if the flight is over water ppohod bring something quite buoyant, nappimep, pposto tie 'Manual luggage "in ppopezinenny bag and its really zamaskipuyte bag.
2. If avapiynoy landing safer sepedina salon. Pepesyadte there without waiting ppoisshestviya if space is available, because when announce avapiynuyu situation sepedina will be in short supply.
3. Specify where the output avapiyny what means of evacuation from the cabin ppedusmotpeny whether there kislopodnye masks and how to put them kislopod which have spedstva save on water. Konteynepy masks usually kpepyatsya to the ceiling or to the back pepednego kpesla. As rescue floating spedstv usually lower ppimenyayutsya kpeselnye pillows, inflatable vests (under kpeslami) tpapy inflatable, inflatable rafts. Sit closer to the exit from the passenger compartment or avapiynomu exit. If you have access to avapiyny kpylo. It can be used on the ground pozhape DURING DURING and ditching.
4. Otpegulipuyte ppivyaznoy toothed belt on his body, in potpenipuytes quickly to buttoning and passtegivanii. There should be no slack. Do not unfasten throughout the flight, otherwise DURING sudden manevpe or hit an air pocket can be on the ceiling. For the same ppichine walk through the cabin - it is dangerous. Ppistegnite neighbor, otherwise it may fall on you from the ceiling.
5. Quaternary on takeoff and landing, wear a coat - if it is of tpudnovozgopaemogo matepiala (shepsti, skin). If it will provide you pozhapa SOME protection. Do not wear shoes with thin heels, they can ppotknut avapiyny inflatable tpap. VARIATIONS piske avapiynoy planting make sure to search on a shelf above there was nothing hard and heavy. Your luggage under depzhite kpeslom or lap.
6. VARIATIONS avapiynoy landing shook his head some clothes zakpoyte pukami face and bend down to your knees. This will protect you from debris. If ppostpanstvo between kpeslami too close, uppites pukami in pepednee kpeslo and put her head on puki.
7. After landing avapiynoy nome.p one problem - SELECT from the plane until vzopvalos fuel. VARIATIONS hint of panic help crew bring order of magnitude. Nappimep bragging gpomko: "Who will opat, that passhibu head!" Komandipsky voice should be put zapanee.The critical situation if no lidepa, be.pite initiative. Your spedstva: calm, ppikaz fist.
8. VARIATIONS avapii at high altitude may occur dekomppessiya - air pressure drop in the cabin. Signature of dekomppessii: whistling, ear pain, pain in the gut, warming and tingling skin. Put kislopodnuyu mask and move less. VARIATIONS dekomppessii quickly to high altitude on your kislopodnoy donning masks is only 15 seconds. Belatedly, you potepyaete consciousness. First, put on a mask for yourself, and then Help Surround. Kislopod do not start until you turn it on the pitch. Generally it depnut for shnupok stretching from the mask to the Plate fuses.
9. If peped you (or on you) suddenly otkpyt compartment kislopodnymi masks, wear a mask immediately. Do not look on and do not ask d.puguyu vopposov. The fact that the pressure drop DURING this opens a compartment automatically. Feels like tpudno define a enters kislopod or not, as it has no odor. Fasten the mask on his head, because there is still a danger potepyat consciousness. Styuapdessa not help you, because it will be busy d.puguyu.
10. Keep yourself DURING nekpiminalnogo sizes of folding knife. Should be under at least a pukoy the tool. Experience shows through verification device sweeps a small knife easily. If you land on pozhapa fate allotted 5 minutes to evacuate.
11. In case of fire, the closer to the floor, the less smokiness. Crawl on chetvepenkah. If there Quaternary, better ppikpoyte skin: Wear pepchatki, hat, etc. SELECT the plane quickly to avoid it at no less Distance 1.5 km.
12. When splashdown ppezhdevpemenno inflated lifejacket may prevent you SELECT from the salon if p.pidetsya nypyat. If you will be nepospedstvenno in water, you will have a 10-paz less likely to survive than if you're on a rescue raft - mainly because pepeohlazhdeniya.Otppavlyayas in flight, dress in yapkoe: skopee obnapuzhat you on the water ...
Have a good flight! And about the TU-204 - all here:  http://www.aviatrans.ru/tupolev204.h TML

How to behave in a plane crash or how to survive a plane?

In the literature there is the concept of a "competent passenger" - the person who makes the most of their chances of survival in an emergency. 

In 1974, when the accident aircraft B-707 in Pago Samoa Dago of one hundred and one passenger survived only five, which are then told that carefully read the notes and listened to the instructions in the flight attendants.

So they used to rescue emergency exits on the wing, while the other passengers had a crush, rushing to the traditional input-output. The Commission has stated that most of the passengers would be saved if they just know where the emergency hatches and how to use them.

Today the plane belongs to the safest modes of transport. This is true, but only in the context of statistics. I should add that if a car accident or train wreck can still be saved, then crash usually means the death of all passengers on board. When January 26, 1972 on board the aircraft DC-9 JAT Yugoslav Airlines bomb and debris liner crashed from a height of more 10 km, for all it was clear that none of the passengers escaped. However stewardess Vesna Vulovic survived. How could this happen? Some people think that Spring Vulovic rescued that she had low blood pressure - she quickly lost consciousness, and it has saved her from a heart attack.Others simply believe that a miracle happened. At the very same Vulovic the disaster developed amnesia - she does not remember the explosion itself, nor even that was an hour before him.Therefore, it is unlikely we will ever know the truth about this unusual case. Unusual because it has never happened to anyone survived the accident aircraft, flying so high.

Most often, the crash in which someone survived - is a bad take-off or emergency landing.Operating in such cases is not as destructive forces, as, for example, a collision of two aircraft bombings tanks full of fuel or drop from a great height. However, there is always a chance to survive, and it depends on many factors. Considering pictures of plane crashes, then they are often seen as a tail sticking out of the wreckage of the aircraft, sometimes intact. It later tail just touches the ground during the fall, so rear passengers, has the greatest chance to stay alive.Matter and size of the aircraft: the larger the car, the safer it is.

In no passenger aircraft, such as a fighter, a catapult for the pilot; also can not escape from the incident plane by parachute. All that is in the passenger airliners, is solely made to avoid injuries, which can be obtained in the cabin during the flight.

Unlike a car, plane, flying up to a fixed structure, or any vehicle normally does not stop but carried on. Therefore, passengers are not exposed to severe impact. The exception to this may be cases when the plane encounters a mountain. In this case, the chances of survival are minimal. 

In other cases, an emergency flight crew may decide on an emergency landing, which is quite likely in an uninhabited area. Thus, if the conditions allow and manage the plane, try to sit on a relatively flat terrain without obstacles, and in extreme cases, and the forest. Injuries and the death toll is on the increase, but if the plane did not immediately fall apart and is not lit, the chances of survival increase.  There are several basic types of emergencies. In the air, in order to properly operate them, we must not only know how to behave, but also mentally in advance make their way to salvation. This gives a greater chance that a dangerous moment will not refuse memory.

• Accident during takeoff and landing

On this type of incident you are unlikely to be informed beforehand. Therefore, the most sensible strategy - preliminary personal safety measures before each takeoff and landing. For example, be in street clothes: coat or jacket (no synthetics!) Can protect you from burns, if you have to get out of the fire. Get into the shoes, even if it is high-heeled shoes - in case you have to go in fragments, plastic burning, etc.

Shoes heels woman should be removed just before inflatable slides, while not blocking the path to the evacuation of other passengers and not let shoes hands to put shoes on the ground immediately. Certainly, it is necessary to remove the tie, scarf, sunglasses, hair clips, etc. - In an emergency, even dangerous pen in the side pocket of his jacket. Before each takeoff and landing carefully customize belt. It must be firmly fastened as low as possible in your thighs. Check whether you have over your head heavy suitcases.

Immediately before the accident usually have the opportunity to secure a fixed position. Usually it is recommended to bend and his hands clasped tightly behind the knees (or grab the ankle).Head should be put on his knees, and if it does not work, tilt it as low as possible. Feet should rest against the floor, pulling them out as far as possible (but not under the front seat, which can clog the accident).  U.S. Federal Aviation Administration recommends the use of the chair in front of you for making another fixed postures. On the back of the chair should put their hands in a crossed position and squeeze the head to the hands. Also, stretch your legs and stretch.And, of course, the two postures can take only when strapped. At the moment of impact should be possible to tighten and to prepare for a significant overload. The direction in most accidents - forward and maybe down.  Typically, emergency exits located on left and right sides of the fuselage. All outputs for passengers approaches to them and means of opening have noticeable at a distance marking which facilitates their detection. About the location of all exits from the salon said in brief how the stewardess. Leaving all preplant excitement, listen to it carefully. Be sure to mentally imagine your way to the nearest exit. And if you are seated next to the emergency hatch, then you bear an additional responsibility: on whether you will be able to open it, depends on many people's lives. It is not always possible to open the nearest exit (flame outside, deformation of the fuselage at this point, etc.), so it is necessary to remember all the ways of salvation.

For accidents during takeoff and landing usual suddenness and crew warning you can not wait, so be aware of all the events behind (smoke, a sharp decline, stop engines, etc.) to take a fixed position. However, under no circumstances, do not leave your seat aircraft to a complete stop, do not raise panic. Only a professional can confidently judge the danger of what is happening.

One of the most frequent accidents on board the aircraft - bruises and other injuries received during turbulence.

Turbulence  - it twists and different air flows inside the atmosphere is chaotic moving in different directions. Over half of the cases of turbulence occurs with the aircraft at an altitude of 6000 meters, 30% - at an altitude of 3 thousand meters and 10.5% - in the range from 3 to 6000 meters. This occurs most often on sunny days over the buildings or over the territory with a strong temperature contrast (sand, forest, lake, road) - the earth's surface warms unevenly, and heated air masses rise up at different rates, causing the aircraft can take off in the rising streams or to fall in the air holes.

That is exactly what happened with "Boeing - 747" American Airlines, which flew over the Pacific Ocean December 28, 1997. Once in a turbulent zone, the huge machine instantly lost several tens of meters in height. All loose items on board immediately took off, struck the ceiling and fell on the heads of those sitting in the passenger seat. The most severely wounded of those people who, though sitting in their places, but nebyli buckled. The aircraft was not injured and continued the flight, but as a result of his injuries died, one woman and wounded 100 others needed medical aid.

Since planes fly at altitudes where the air is discharged and the pressure is much lower than usual, the airliner cabin is watertight - hardly appear the slightest crack, through it all the air out of the plane will break out, and it is very dangerous. Therefore, most modern aircraft are equipped with oxygen masks that automatically hang on every passenger seat in the event of cabin depressurization, and pilots immediately begin to lower altitude.

Information about the coming catastrophe, nervousness crew escaping from smoke or fire engines - all of which can cause panic. First - never lose your head. Preferably before the start to get acquainted with all the emergency lighting systems, which are in the plane. It is worth to consider its own evacuation plan - orient where the emergency exit, and figure out what you can do in the event of disaster.

If there is a threat of an emergency landing, to get rid of sharp objects (pencils, pens, etc.);good to have something soft (eg, pillow), to protect the head.

Decompression  (thin air in an airplane). Rapid decompression typically begins with a deafening roar (out air). Salon is filled with dust and mist. Sharply reduced visibility. Of human lung air out quickly and can not be detained. Simultaneously likely tinnitus and pain in the gut (expanding gases).

Without waiting for the team or help the crew immediately put on an oxygen mask. About where it is and how to use it, tell a flight attendant in the beginning of the flight. It is necessary to wear a mask, not just press it to his nose and mouth - even incoming oxygen can lose consciousness and drop his mask. For the same reason, do not okazyіvat someone help him, until they themselves put on a mask, even if it's your child if you do not have time to help yourself, you will find yourself without oxygen both.  Decompression - emergency, which the crew immediately begins to correct, reducing altitude. Three thousand meters below the oxygen content can already be considered normal. Therefore, if signs of decompression immediately after donning masks fasten your seat belts and prepare for a sharp decline or a "hard" landing.

Fire on board the aircraft.  Most passengers believe that during a fire at the sides they will have about five minutes after touchdown to leave the plane. However, experience shows that it is better to rely on one or two minutes. Fires accompanied by about 20% of the accidents of aircraft; over 70% of people involved in the crash fire, still alive.

It is important to remember the location of exits. During a fire, it is also necessary because the smoke interferes not only breathe, but also to see pointers. And the most important thing in a fire - immediately after stopping the aircraft heading for the nearest exit. Thus:

Protect your skin - you must be a coat, hat, plaid;

not breathe smoke, protective clothing, or even crouch way to the exit on all fours - at the bottom of smoke should be less; remember - the smoke and not the fire - the first danger;

remove the nylon pantyhose and stockings, when melted they can cause severe burns;

do not stand out in the crowd at the exit if the queue does not move, remember that if other exits; if passage blocked, wade through the chair, dropping them back;

before takeoff recalculate and note the number next access before and behind you on the way to an emergency exit, then you can get to it, even to the touch in the impenetrable smoke;

do not carry hand luggage, it can cost you your life;

Do not open the escape hatches in the place where the outside fire and smoke;

be determined and disciplined struggle with panic on board by any means, provide maximum assistance to the stewardess;

not themselves become the cause of fire: on board the aircraft should be treated with fire as well as in a gasoline tank truck.

Landing on water

The passenger, who has every chance of salvation when landing on water should have some idea of ​​the position in which the plane has buoyancy, even before he sits on the water. Some aircraft floating in a horizontal position, the others - with the submerged tail and some - a submerged nose.

Knowing this, you do not throw in a panic to an emergency exit in the rear of the aircraft, if the output will be underwater. You should also know in advance what means of escape on the water (vests, rafts, etc.) are available on board, where they are and how to apply them. Before sinking, the aircraft may be afloat from 10 to 40 minutes. However, if the fuselage is damaged, this may not be much smaller.

After splashdown into the water should rafts that inflate automatically when dropped. If not, then you need a strong tug to pull the rope that leads to the cylinder gas filling system. Time to bring the raft and running takes about one minute and three minutes in the summer in winter.

Catastrophic situation on the aircraft show two dangerous types of passenger behavior - panic and apathy. Oddly, numbness occurs much more frequently. It must be remembered that warn at this reaction, and under no circumstances not to fight for their salvation.

 
How to survive a plane crash on the ground.  Ed Galea, a professor from Australia, who survived an aviation accident, thinking about how you can improve your chances of survival.Most importantly - never forget that the plane may have an accident. Naturally, we are not talking about the plane crash from a great height - to survive in the car falling from a height of 10,000 feet, is almost impossible, however, the number of incidents occurring already on the ground, much higher and do not forget that they also die people. At the same time, according to statistics, in the period from 1983 to 2000 in aviation accidents in the United States 95% of the passengers survived. For example, in 2005, on board  Air France , a burning during landing at Toronto airport were 309 people, and all survived. This incident was called "Miracle in Toronto."

Ed Galea in 1985 was aboard the plane, which, as it happens, went beyond the strip and caught fire. This accident killed 55 passengers flying with him. Since then he has been on board the rules of survival. During his tenure, he interviewed more than two thousand survivors of 105 aviation accidents. Based on their experience, he brought some simple rules:

• Traveling with the family should stay together

Half of all air passengers traveling in a group - often with their family members. Naturally, in an emergency, people are trying to find their loved ones, to flee together. When the inside of the family split, the people in the accident will not flee and seek each other out. When the inside of the raging fire, every extra minute in the smoke repeatedly reduces the chances of survival.

So the family, especially with children, to be together and at the same time be prepared in advance to ensure that separate. If it is a family of two adults and two children, Galea advises, proceed as follows: "For example, one adult will be responsible for one child, and another for another. Thus, you have already obtained two groups of two. If necessary, these groups should be ready to evacuate separately. " Another powerful advice: "Every child needs to know which of the parents will look for it in an emergency." Of course, explain to the child before a flight, how to behave in case of an accident, it is extremely frustrating, but it could save his life.

• To be able to unbuckle the seat belt

This may seem like overkill, but before the flight, the passenger must understand and rehearse unfastening seat belt. Amazingly, even in an emergency crew can not always quickly get rid of the belts. Do not forget that aviation belts loosened and not as the road. Extra second in the cabin, conducted in the fight with the belt can cost lives.

• Sit closer to the aisle seat and count to exit

In fact, the plane is not safe places. Place in the tail of the liner can be fatal if fire broke out there, so the general rules when choosing locations does not exist. However, there are a number of tips.

First, taking their place, you should calculate and hard to remember the number of rows of seats, which must be overcome before the next two emergency exits. This information will help you quickly find a way out in the dark. And remember the location should be at least two exits, as the nearest may be blocked or unavailable.

Secondly, the chances of survival will increase somewhat if the passenger will sit closer to the aisle. The sooner a person starts to move and smaller obstacles in his way, the higher the chances of survival.

In this case it would be safer to just sit upstream aircraft, but on passenger planes is not possible, although military transports is generally used for a long time. The problem is that most people prefer to sit on the move, besides refitting salons liners require huge investments and a complete reconstruction of the cabin.

However, this rule can adopt for rail travel. Always best to take the train upstream and it is desired so that the opposite was not people or objects that are under hard braking could cause human injury.

• Mark smoke hoods

"In the smoke contains harmful and narcotic gases, irritants. Enough to breathe a certain dose, and you will die "- says Galea. Therefore, in any journey he takes a portable smoke hoods. But do not forget that use it must also be able, and he should lie as close as possible. Too much time spent on searches and attempts to open and put it on, can not save, but rather to kill.

• Grouping and training

It is important not to neglect the information that report before the flight attendants. Careful study of cards on which the rules are communicated evacuation can really save lives. Grouping - a position that is recommended to take in an emergency - it may seem ridiculous or silly, but it is designed to save passengers from the worst case of an accident on the ground and fire - from the loss of consciousness. Under heavy braking or a collision with the ground obstacle ungrouped people most likely get a head injury, which is very likely to lead to loss of consciousness. In a panic, a fire rescue unconscious man nobody will, so if you do not take care of himself imagine the chances of survival are minimal.

National Council for Transport Safety USA  (National Transportation Safety Board) makes the following recommendations:

Select non-stop flights. Such flights less victims of car thieves.

Choose big planes. Statistics show that in the event of a crash passengers more likely to survive.

Do not overload the boxes for luggage on his head. If a plane hits turbulence or to crash, heavy things can break through the skull.

Should not bring into the plane of any hazardous material.

Caution. Every year a huge number of recorded cases when passengers fired tea or coffee.Maximum number of passengers receive injuries in the toilet.

You should not drink too much.

You can not unbutton belts during the flight. This precaution may be useful not only in the case if the plane starts to fall, but when he gets in a zone of turbulence.

Should listen carefully to what they say members of the crew of security measures on board. Five minutes of attention can save lives.

You should read the written instructions that are on every seat. Clarify where the nearest emergency exit. If the aircraft was damaged, the passenger will be available no more than 15 seconds to put on an oxygen mask. If the plane started a fire should try not to swallow the smoke - breathing through cloth. When the plane landed - immediately leave it.

The basic rule to use cell phones when the aircraft door closed, using them is not recommended.

How to avoid becoming a victim of car thieves

Watch the people around you. Pay attention to other passengers who behave inappropriately. If someone makes you suspicious - inform airport security or stewardess.

Do not trust stereotypes. Hijacker aircraft may be any person, regardless of gender, age, nationality, style of clothing, etc.

If you find yourself in an airplane, where the hijackers are, do not show too much initiative.Your main task - to stay alive and unharmed. Remember that you can not twist the thief alone. This is doubly dangerous because on board may be his accomplices.

Know where you can call in case of danger. Useful phone memory drive line number of special services. It may be that your phone will be the only means of communication with the outside world.

Try to keep other passengers. If the aircraft is captured, you must join with other passengers and crew members. Do not try to enhance its credibility by fawning with the hijackers.